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Shera, P. S.
- Toxicity of Insecticides to Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (=Aenasius bambawalei Hayat), A Solitary Endoparasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Bt cotton under Semifield Conditions
Abstract Views :273 |
PDF Views:129
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 5-9Abstract
The toxicity of different insecticides was assessed against Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (=Aenasius bambawalei Hayat) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a key endoparasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Bt cotton under semi-field conditions at the Entomological Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during kharif, 2015. Eight insecticides, viz. profenophos 50 EC, thiodicarb 75 WP, buprofezin 25 EC, imidacloprid 17.8 SL, flonicamid 50 WG, spiromesifen 240 SC, diafenthiuron 50 WP and sulfoxaflor 24 SC were sprayed at recommended field doses on potted cotton plants having parasitized mealybugs (mummies). Based on the per cent reduction in adult emergence over control, spiromesifen (11.11 %), buprofezin (11.11 %) and flonicamid (12.11 %) were categorized as harmless; imidacloprid (28.28 %) as slightly harmful; diafenthiuron (55.56 %) and thiodicarb (70.70 %) as moderately harmful, whereas, profenophos (100.0 %) and sulfoxaflor (100.0 %) were highly toxic to the parasitoid. Insecticides like spiromesifen, buprofezin and flonicamid can be viable option for use in integrated pest management strategies against sucking insect pests in cotton ecosystem.Keywords
Aenasius Arizonensis, Adult Emergence, Insecticides, Mummies, Phenacoccus Solenopsis, Toxicity.Full Text
References
- Anon. 2015. Package of Practices for Kharif Crops. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. 41–65 pp.
- Ben-Dov Y, Miller DR. 2016. ScaleNet: Systematic Database of the Scale Insects of the World. Available from: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2016.
- Dhawan AK, Shera PS, Aneja AK, Kumar V, Bhullar HS. 2012. Effectiveness of buprofezin against mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) and predatory complex in Bt cotton. Indian J Agric Sci. 82(11): 1000–1002.
- Dhawan AK, Singh K, Saini S, Aneja A, Singh J. 2011. Parasitizing potential of parasitoid (Aenasius bambawalei) on mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) in cotton (Gossypium spp.) and weed plants. Indian J Agric Sci. 81(1): 97–99.
- Dhawan AK, Singh K, Saini S, Mohindru B, Kaur A, Singh G, Singh S. 2007. Incidence and damage potential of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on cotton in Punjab. Indian J Ecol. 34(2): 110¬–116.
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- Fernandez MDM, Medina P, Fereres A, Smagghe G, Vinuela E. 2015. Are mummies and adults of Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) compatible with modern insecticides? J Econ Entomol. 108(5): 2268–2277.
- Fuchs TW, Stewart JW, Minzenmayer R, Rose M. 1991. First record of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley in cultivated cotton in the United States. Southwest Entomol. 16(3): 215–221.
- Gomez KA, Gomez AA. 1984. Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research. Wiley Inter-Science Publications, New York.
- Hayat M. 2009. Description of a new species of Aenasius Walker (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), India. Biosystematica. 3(1): 21–26.
- Kumar R, Kranthi KR, Monga D, Jat SL. 2009. Natural parasitization of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cotton by Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). J Biol Contr. 23(4): 457–460.
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- Meenu, Ram P. 2014. Effect of insecticides on different developmental stages of Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. J Biol Contr. 28(4): 204–209.
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- Noyes JS, Hayat M. 1994. Oriental Mealybug Parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). CAB International, Abingdon, UK.
- Ram P, Saini RK. 2010. Biological control of solenopsis mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on cotton: a typical example of fortuitous biological control. J Biol Contr. 24(2): 104–109.
- Ram P, Saini RK, Vijaya. 2009. Preliminary studies on field parasitization and biology of solenopsis mealybug parasitoid, Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Encyrtidae: Hymenoptera). J Cotton Res Dev. 23(2): 313–315.
- Sterk G, Hassan SA, Baillod M, Bakker F, Bigler F, Blumel S, Bogenschutz H, Boller E, Bromand B, Brun J, Calis JNM, Pelseneer JC, Duso C, Garrido A, Grove A, Heimbach U, Hokkanen H, Jacas J, Lewis G, Moreth L, Polgar L, Roversti L, Petersen LS, Sauphanor B, Schaub L, Staubli A, Tuset JJ, Vainio A, Veire MVD, Viggiani G, Vinuela E, Vogt H. 1999. Results of the seventh joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS-Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’. BioControl. 44(1): 99–117.
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- Standardization of Release Rate of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) in Bio-Intensive Management of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in Fodder Maize
Abstract Views :263 |
PDF Views:111
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 254-258Abstract
The early season attack of Chilo partellus, in kharif sown fodder maize inflicts appreciable losses, if unchecked. Biointensive management with the use of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii in fodder maize through different doses and release rate was standardized. The results of the trials from two years showed that damage parameters like Leaf Injury (LI), recorded three weeks after parasitoid release from 0.25-6.00 per cent across different treatments whereas in untreated control it was 6.50-13.25 %, respectively. Similarly the observations on percent DH patterns in different treatments varied from 0.62-3.75 % as compared to control (5.50-9.0 %). Furthermore, the per cent reduction in damage was substantially low with the second inundative release of the parasitoid than plots receiving a single release of bio-agent at a given dose. The proportion of DH recorded at three weeks after release was significantly lower (1.0 and 0.62%) in plots with t-cards @ 125,000 parasitized eggs in two releases as compared with other treatments. Additionally the green fodder yield obtained in promising treatment was statistically superior (445 q ha-1) to 392 q ha-1 GFY as recorded in the untreated control and other lower dose treatments except the plots receiving the highest dose of parasitoid release (450q ha-1). Thus the results suggested that field release of T. chilonis @ 125,000 parasitoids per hectare in two releases helps in substantial reduction of C. partellus inflicted damage with high economic returns.Keywords
Chilo partellus, Deadhearts, Fodder Maize, Leaf Injury, Trichogramma chilonis.Full Text
References
- Farid A, Khan MIN, Khan A, Khattak SUK, Amamzeb, Sattar A. 2007. Studies on maize stem borer, Chilo partellus in Peshawar Valley. Pak J. Zool. 39(2):127–131 Aggarwal N, Jindal J. 2013. Validation of biocontrol technology for suppression of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on kharif maize in Punjab. J Biol Control 27(4): 278-284.
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- Gomez KA, Agomez A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd edn. Wiley–Interscience, New York. 680 pp.
- Jalali SK, Singh SP. 2006. Biological control of Chilo partellus using egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Indian J. Agri Res. 40(3): 183–189.
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- On-Farm Impact of Egg Parasitoid, Trichogramma Spp. Against Lepidopteran Pests in Organic Basmati Rice
Abstract Views :276 |
PDF Views:129
Authors
Affiliations
1 Biocontrol Section, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, IN
1 Biocontrol Section, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 116-120Abstract
On farm impact of Trichogrammatids was studied against lepidopteran pests, i.e., yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) in organic basmati rice (var. Pusa 1121) over an area of 20 and 60 hectares during 2014 and 2015, respectively. Six augmentative releases of Trichogramma chilonis and T. japonicum each @ 1,00,000 parasitoids/ha were made starting from 30 days after transplanting (DAT) and was compared with untreated control. Based on the overall mean, the biocontrol treatment (1.74% DH) was significantly effective in reducing the dead heart incidence as compared to untreated control (4.52% DH). The reduction in dead hearts was 61.50 per cent in biocontrol over untreated control. The mean incidence of white ears was also significantly lower in biocontrol field (2.05%) as against untreated control (4.89%) resulting in a reduction of 58.08 per cent. Similarly, leaf folder damage in biocontrol (2.04% LFDL) resulted in 62.50 per cent reduction over untreated control (5.44% LFDL). Grain yield in biocontrol fields (29.81 q/ha) was 18.76 per cent more than the untreated control (25.10 q/ha). The increase in yield due to control of stem borers and leaf folder in biocontrol fields resulted in an additional benefit of INR 16332/- and INR 9818/- during 2014 and 2015, respectively. Conclusively, 6 releases of T. chilonis and T. japonicum each @ 1,00,000/ha resulted in lower incidence of rice insect pests and higher grain yield in organic basmati rice with an additional benefit over untreated control.Keywords
Biocontrol, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Scircophaga incertulas, Trichogramma Augmentation.Full Text
References
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- Garg DK, Kumar P, Singh RN, Pathak M. 2002. Role of parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum and other natural enemies in the management of yellow stemborer and leaffolder in basmati rice. Indian J Ent. 64: 117–123.
- Gomez KA, Gomez AA. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, USA, 704 p.
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- Kaur R, Brar KS. 2008. Evaluation of different doses of Trichogramma species for the management of leaf folder and stem borer on Basmati rice. J Biol Control 22(1): 131–135.
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- Singh J. 2011. Impact assessment study of IPM basmati project for boosting diversification process in Punjab. Navajbai Rata Tata Trust, Mumbai, India, 43 p.
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- Impact of Bio-Intensive Integrated Pest Management Practices on Insect Pests and Grain Yield in Basmati Rice
Abstract Views :265 |
PDF Views:122
Authors
Affiliations
1 Biocontrol Section, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, IN
1 Biocontrol Section, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 137-141Abstract
Bio-intensive pest management practices were compared with farmer’s practices and untreated control in basmati rice at village Sahauli (Punjab). BIPM practices involved green manuring; seed treatment; alternate wetting and drying of the field; installation of pheromone traps and bird perches; augmentative releases of Trichogramma spp.; spray of Neem oil 1%. The farmer’s practices comprised the applications of chemical insecticides. The mean leaffolder damage was 3.12, 1.90 and 5.41 per cent in BIPM, farmer’s practice and untreated control, respectively. The dead heart incidence was 2.49 per cent in BIPM, 1.16 per cent in farmer’s practice and 4.30 per cent in untreated control. Similarly, the mean incidence of white earheads was 3.31, 1.78 and 5.06 per cent in BIPM, farmer’s practice and untreated control, respectively. Highest grain yield was recorded in farmer’s practice fields (30.63 q/ha) followed by yield in BIPM fields (28.07 q/ha). These yields were significantly better than untreated control (25.18 q/ha).The population of natural enemies was higher in BIPM fields as compared to farmer’s practiced fields.Keywords
Basmati, Bio-Intensive Pest Management, Leaf Folder, Natural Enemies, Stem Borer.Full Text
References
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- Natural enemies of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on cotton in Punjab, India
Abstract Views :280 |
PDF Views:132
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 270-274Abstract
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a polyphagous pest, widely distributed in diverse agroecosystems across the globe. Several bioagents including predators and parasitoids from diverse groups have been recorded against whitefly worldwide. A field survey was conducted during 2016 and 2017 in different cotton growing districts of Punjab to record the natural enemies associated with whitefly. Sixteen species of natural enemies were recorded, including 7 species of insect predators; 2 species of parasitoids and 7 species of spiders. Coccinella septempunctata Linneaus, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius), Serangium parcesetosum Sicard, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Peterson), Zanchius breviceps (Wagner), Geocoris sp. and spiders were most commonly recorded predators. Out of these, Chrysoperla was the predominant species. Encarsia lutea (Masi) and Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) were the two parasitoids that emerged from whitefly pupae. The mean parasitization of whitefly by Encarsia spp. in different cotton growing areas of Punjab was 5.20 per cent (range = 1.5 to 9.1 %).Keywords
Cotton, Parasitoid, Predator, Whitefly.Full Text
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- Bioformulations for Management of Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 76-79Abstract
Effectiveness of bioformulations was tested against pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in mungbean during Kharif 2015 and 2016 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Among the bioformulations the per cent pod damage and yield varied from 21.43 to 24.49 per cent and 5.50 to 8.53 q/ha respectively. During Kharif 2016, per cent pod damage and yield varied from 12.00 to 15.69 per cent and 6.30 to 9.33 q/ha respectivley. The chemical treatment Chlorpyrifos 20 EC (3.75 l/ha) was most effective in terms of pod damage reduction and yield of mungbean. The Bt formulations PDBC-BT1 and NBAIR-BTG4 (2%) and both doses of Delfin WG (1 and 2Kg/ha) were equally effective in controlling the H. armigera pod damage when compared to Chlorpyrifos 20EC. Myco Jaal (commercial formulation of Beauveria bassiana) was not effective in controlling the pod borer as compared to B. thuringiensis formulations in mungbean. The B. thuringiensis formulations Delfin (commercial) and PDBC/NBAIR (2%) effectively reduced the pod damage by H. armigera in mungbean and can be integrated in IPM programme for pulse crop protection.Keywords
Bioformulations, Helicoverpa armigera, Mungbean, Pod Damage.Full Text
References
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- Evaluation of Anthocorid Predator, Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius against Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on Okra under Insect Net Cage Condition
Abstract Views :336 |
PDF Views:134
Authors
Affiliations
1 Biocontrol Section, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
1 Biocontrol Section, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 236-241Abstract
The present study deals with the evaluation of anthocorid bug, Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius against Tetranychus urticae Koch on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), conducted in Karif season (June-August) during 2013-2015 in the net cage condition at Entomological Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The 6-7 days old nymphs of B. pallescens @ 10, 20 and 30 nymphs/m2 were released at weekly interval on the mite infested plants and these were compared with chemical control (Omite @ 300ml/acre at 10 days interval) and untreated control. The releases of predators and acaricidal spray on okra were found better than control in suppressing the population of T. urticae. The release of B. pallescens @ 30 nymphs/m2 was found most effective with a 75.86 to 81.20 per cent reduction of mite population over control. It was statistically at par with chemical control, where 84.04 to 91.66 per cent reduction of mite population over control was recorded. There was no significant difference observed in the reduction of mite population of the plots released with 20 and 10 nymphs/m2 of B. pallescens. The yield of okra from the plots of chemical control was recorded highest (52.70 q/acre), followed by 45.05 q/acre from the plots released with a B. pallescens @ 30 nymphs/m2 at seven days interval. The study concluded that, integrating predator, B. pallescens @ 30 nymphs/plant along with acaricide (Omite 300 ml/acre) as a component of IPM for the management of two-spotted spider mite, T. urticae on okra under net house conditions.
Keywords
Anthocorid Bug, Blaptostethus pallescens, Okra, Tetranychus urticae, Two-Spotted Red Spider Mite.Full Text
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